All-time resident category birds are available all year around. © AndyBright www.digiscoped.com Below you will find a list of birds in this category only. To see other bird categories, please select the appropriate links to the left. You will also find the order (in Latin) and family names (in Latin, English and Turkish) along with the Scientific, English and Turkish names of each bird. To the top of each picture, typical sounds or songs of birds are also available in mp3 format. From time to time some birds might not appear since they might choose other locations. The pictures and sounds given here should not be copied without prior notice of their owners. Please find the sources used for this list at the bottom of this page. Happy scrolling !

falconiformes > accipitridae | hawks, vultures and eagles • atmacagiller
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		accipiter nisus	sparrow hawk	atmaca
		Woods, wooded farmland and even parks in city centers. Female much larger than male. Both are barred on the underparts, the male tinged with rufous. Male's back bluish, while female's is brown. Distinguished from Kestrel by it's rounded wings. Catches small birds in dashing low flight.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		buteo buteo	buzzard (common)	sahin
		Breeds in moorland valleys, woods, farmland and cliffs. Winters in breeding habitat and other areas of open country. Buzzards are sizeable and chunky birds with large, broad, blunt-ended wings, fairly short, broad tails and short, rounded heads. They can show a variety of plumages but they are generally dull brown with darker areas at the wrists and paler panels in the primaries. Notice how the wings are swept upwards and forwards when they soar.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		buteo rufinus	long-legged buzzard	kizil sahin
		Resident in areas of open country. In plumage, Long-legs look generally rufous, often becoming paler on the head and darker on the belly and with a plain orange tail which may appear translucent. A long-leg seen from below will have an unbarred belly, solid dark carpel patches and a tail which is either unbarred if its an adult or faintly but evenly barred if it's a juvenile.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		aquila chrysaetos	golden eagle	kaya kartali
		Breeds on rocky outcrops in mountainous country and on sea cliffs. Winters on uplands in open country. The massive size of a Golden Eagle may not be obvious from a distance so you have to notice its shape. The Eagle is relatively long-headed and long-tailed and, its wings are quite long and relatively straight-edged with deeply fingered tips. The impression is of long narrow planks held up in a shallow' V'. The Golden nape is about the only noteworthy plumage feature on an adult eagle but the immatures have striking white markings in their wings and tails.
falconiformes > falconidae | falcons • doganlar
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		falco peregrinus	peregrine falcon	gokdogan
		Breeds on sea cliffs, mountain crags and inland quarries. Winters on moorland, marshes and estuaries. The Peregrine is a big and powerful falcon, with the larger female looking impressively deep-chested. They generally look dark above and pale below, and fly with quick shallow wing-beats. The thick black moustachial lobes aren't easy to see but the upper chest often looks distinctively white from a distance. The long pointed wings and short broad tapering tail produce a characteristic 'anchor' shape.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		falco tinnunculus	kestrel (common)	kerkenez
		Breeds and winters in open woodland, parks, farmland, moorland and towns. The silhouette of a hovering Kestrel is a common sight. This hovering habit is the easiest way to identify a Kestrel since it is the only small British bird of prey which does so. Its long, pointed wings indicate that it is a falcon and not a hawk, no other British falcon has such a long tail. The brown on the back is a warmer, redder tone than on any other small bird of prey and this usually contrasts well with the virtually black outer wing.
galliformes > phasianidae | partridges, quails and pheasants • tavukgiller
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		coturnix coturnix	quail (common)	bildircin
		Breeds in arable fields and long grass, is a tiny gamebird most likely to be mistaken for a half-grown young Partridge, but the male has a black and white head pattern which is mimicked in a duller brown version by the female. If you are lucky enough to flush one you'll see a dumpy, hump-backed, narrow-winged gamebird skimming low over the vegetation with quick, shallow wing-beats. More usually, you'll hear its diagnostic call.
gruiformes > rallidae | rails • su yelveleri
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		rallus aquaticus	water rail	su kilavuzu
		Breeds in well-vegetated reedbeds and swamps. Winters in reedbeds, swamps, ditches and marshes. The long legs and feet, short upright tail and pot-bellied appearance identify this bird as a rail and its long, pointed, usually red bill tells you immediately which species it is. You may see just the flicking off-white undertail feathers as it scoots back into the reeds but a better view will reveal rich brown and black upper-parts, heavily barred flanks and immaculate Dunnock-grey under-parts. If flushed they struggle low over the reeds with long legs trailing behind.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		gallinula chloropus	moorhen	su tavugu
		Breeds on ponds, lakes, gravel pits, ditches, slow rivers. Easily separated from Coot by white under-tail feathers (which it raises frequently) and white flank stripe. Colourful red and yellow bill. The plumage is not completely black but has shades of browns and greys.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		fulica atra	coot	sakarmeke
		Breeds on the edges of lakes, ponds and rivers. Winters on large lakes, reservoirs and estuaries. Coots are blissfully easy to identify, being entirely charcoal grey apart from the white bill and facial shield. The juvenile is browner with a mostly white neck and face but never has the white under-tail of a Moorhen. Coot chicks are engagingly ugly like an old woman whose orange dye is causing her hair to fall out.
columbiformes > columbidae | pigeons • guvercingiller
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		columba palumbus	wood pigeon	tahtali guvercin
		Breeds in woodlands, scrub and hedges and increasingly, parks and gardens in towns. Winters in woodlands and often feeds on stubble fields. Wood Pigeons can be identified in all plumages by the obvious white marks at the bend of the wings which show up in flight as diagnostic white lines down the middle of the wing. Another good feature is the neat white patch on either side of the neck, although juveniles lack this mark. Compared to other pigeons, the Wood Pigeon is bigger and more ponderous in flight with a deeper belly and a longer tail.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		streptopelia decaocto	collared dove	kumru
		Found in farms, villages, even town parks and gardens. Generally avoids uplands. Pale buff-grey plumage with distinctive narrow white-edged black collar markings. Monotonous coo cooo coo song and nasal kwerr when landing. Collared Doves are much smaller than the pigeons, with a longer, narrower tail and pinky-buff plumage.
strigiformes > strigidae | owls • baykuslar
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		athene noctua	little owl	kukumav
		Breeds and winters in orchards, hedgerows and open areas with drystone walls or derelict buildings. Little Owls are easily recognised by their small, squat, flat-headed, long-legged shape and relatively grey plumage heavily marked with white. They have a distinctively bounding flight, gliding upwards before they land, showing broad rounded wings.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		otus scops	scops owl	ishakkusu
		Breeds in clumps of trees in orchards, gardens and, especially, in town parks. Notice that its cryptic plumage, ear tufts and ‘vertical’ face pattern are more like Long-eared Owls than the other small owls such as Little or Pygmy. Remember though that the ear tufts are only obvious when the bird is adopting its skinny upright posture. At other times the ear tufts do nothing more than make the top of the head look pointed at the corners. Large populations exists in Turkey.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		bubo bubo	eagle owl	puhu
		Breeds and winters in rocky gorges or ridges, often amidst woodland. What an impressive beast the Eagle Owl is. This bird is powerful enough to tackle prey as large as a small deer or a Capercaillie. At rest it is the only big owl with ear tufts. Even if these are flattened they are still distinctive, creating a frowning expression not found in other large owls. Their rich, orangey brown colours and flaming red eyes are further differences, giving the impression of a huge Long-eared Owl. In flight they are shorter tailed than the other large owls and the pointed head is usually obvious.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		strix aluca	tawny owl	alaca baykus
		Breeds and winters in woods, parks and gardens. The Tawny is the big brown owl of most of our parks and woodlands, readily identified, even in silhouette, by its bulky outline with a big, broad rounded head. The best way to find one is to listen for the alarm calls of other birds, especially if several species are involved; the squawk of a Jay, the rattle of a Mistle Thrush, the tutting of a Blackbird and the pinking of a Chaffinch are all, especially if perpetuated for some time, sure signs of a predator nearby although sometimes it may prove to be just a cat.
piciformes > picidae | woodpeckers • agackakanlar
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		dendrocopus medius	middle spottedwoodpecker	ortanca agackakan
		Breeds and winters in deciduous woodland, parkland and orchards. Given a reasonable view the Middle Spotted Woodpecker can be easily identified by its cute, baby-faced expression. This is caused by its dark eye, standing out in a white face, and the relatively small bill. No other woodpecker has so little black on the head; the crown is completely red, the lores are unmarked and the moustache doesn't start until it's some distance from the bill. The salmon pink undertail and the streaked breast further separate it from Syrian and Great Spotted Woodpeckers.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		dendrocopus minor	lesser spotted woodpecker	kucuk agackakan
		Breeds and winters in deciduous woodland, parks and orchards. Apart from its tiny size you can easily recognise one because its upperparts are crossed with numerous narrow white bars instead of big white patches. The lack of red under the tail of a Lesser Spotted Woodpecker separates them from all the black and white Woodpeckers. In flight the Lesser Spotted is so small you may not realise it is a woodpecker but the rounded wings and short pointed tail should provide clues.
passeriformes > alaudidae | larks • toygarlar
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		lullula arborea	woodlark	orman toygari
		Breeds on heaths, clearings and young conifer plantations. Winters in rough grass and stubble fields. Most likely to be located by its delightful song. Compared to the much commoner Skylark it is smaller, with a strikingly short tail and no white frailing edge to the wing. Notice how the obvious pale eyestripes continue over the reddish ear-coverts and meet at the back of the crown. A little black-and-white patch at the bend of the wing is also diagnostic and there are white corners to the tail instead of a completely white outer tail feather.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		galerida cristata	crested lark	tepeli toygar
		Breeds in dry cultivated areas and on industrial wasteground, often feeding on roadside edges. The Crested Lark is a familiar roadside bird in much of Europe. Its distinctive crest is always easy to see but remember that Skylarks also have small crests which, although usually hidden, can be raised quite prominently. To clinch identification, notice that the bill is bigger and longer on a Crested Lark, which in flight has a shorter tail and shorter more triangular wings lacking the white trailing edge seen on a Skylark.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		melanocorypha calandra	calandra lark	bogmakli toygar
		Resident in dry open areas, especially extensive rolling plains. Calandra Larks often look too big to be larks so at first glance you might think they are waders or even small birds of prey! At rest, the large size, massive conical bills and prominent black neck patches quickly eliminate all the other larks except Bimaculated Lark. Calandras can be separated from this species by their plainer faces, white outer feathers and white trailing edge to the wings. Unmissable in spring and summer on the plains of Turkey.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		eremophila alpestris	shore lark	kulakli toygar
		Often occurs as small parties on shorelines. Breeds on rocky mountain tops or Arctic tundra. Winters on shingle, stubble and saltings. The name Shore Lark is derived from the fact that in northern Europe it winters almost exclusively at coastal sites, especially at the edges of beaches or saltmarshes. However, many people prefer the name of Horned Lark as this refers to their characteristic face pattern, black and yellow with two wispy black lines sticking up above the head like horns. These black-and-yellow markings, particularly obvious on adult birds, are the easiest way to identify Shore Larks on the ground.
passeriformes > hirundinidae | swallows • kirlangiclar
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		ptyonoprogne rupestris	crag martin	kaya kirlangici
		Breeds mostly in mountainous areas, nesting on cliffs, under bridges or on buildings, sometimes even in towns. Crag Martins are chunky brown birds, like big fat Sand Martins but with dusky, not white underparts, no breast band and with underwing coverts which are significantly darker than the rest of the wing. Additionally, look for the white spots which are visible when the birds spread their relatively square-ended tails. At rest the duller underparts and lack of a breast band are good identification features but the exceptionally long wings are also noteworthy.
passeriformes > motacillidae | pipits and wagtails • incirkuslari ve kuyruksallayanlar
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		motacilla alba	pied wagtail	ak kuyruksallayan
		Occurs in a wide variety of open places including fields, farmyards, parks, meadows, and shows a preference to the vicinity of water. Feeds on short grassland or beside inland or coastal waters. Also winters in towns and cities.In winter large communual roosts gather in city center trees or buildings or on industrial rooftops. Unmistakable with its bold black, grey and white plumage and long, frequently wagged tail. Male has black back, while females is slate grey. Breeds in rural and urban buildings and walls.
passeriformes > bombycillidae | bulbuls • ipek kuyrukgiller
IMAGE	.	Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		pycnonotus xanthopygos	yellow-vented bulbul	arapbulbulu
		Resident in tall bushes or trees such as in riversides, parks and gardens. If you see a bulbul in the Middle East with a yellow vent then you can be sure it is a Yellow-vented Bulbul and you should notice that it also has a pale ring around the eye and a more contrastingly black head compared with a Common Bulbul. Breeds along the south coast of Turkey where it can be surprisingly difficult to locate. 5,000 breeding pairs are found in Turkey, part of a larger breeding population in the Middle East.
passeriformes > turdidae | chats and thrushes • ardicgiller
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		saxicola torquata	stonechat	taskusu
		Breeds and winters in heathland and sometimes moorland, especially gorse-covered heaths by the coast. Male Stonechats, especially in spring are unmistakable, with their tricoloured plumage: black heads, orange breasts and big white blobs on the sides of the neck. The same pattern can just about be seen on females and juveniles but they are brown not black on the head and upperparts and the orange and white areas are much less pronounced. Some such birds may resemble Whinchats, but Stonechats have fatter bodies, shorter wings and longer tails and, above all, they have no eyestripe to break up their generally dark heads.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		phonenicurus ochruros	black redstart	kara kizil kuyruk
		Breeds in towns and villages and in mountainous scree or sea cliffs. Winters on rocky shores, beaches, stony ground and around buildings. Black Redstarts have similar quivering red tails to Redstarts but the males are otherwise sooty-grey in colour apart from a blacker face and breast and a variable white panel in the wing. Females can be told from Redstarts because they are always duller with uniformly dark underparts from bill to legs.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		turdus viscivorus	mistle thrush	okse ardici
		Breeds in woods, parks, gardens and orchards. Also found in winter in fields and moorland edges. The Mistle Thrush is a big, bold, aggressive bird, larger than a Blackbird and more fat-bellied, longer-tailed and smaller-headed than other thrushes. Its upperparts are paler, more grey-brown than on a Song Thrush and there are white edges to many of the wing feathers and the corners of the tail. The face is generally paler making the dark eye more prominent and giving a 'wide-eyed' expression.
passeriformes > sylviidae | old world warblers • otlegengiller
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		acrocephalus melanopogon	moustached warbler	biyikli kamiscin
		Breeds and winters around the edges of reedbeds or rushes. The Moustached Warbler is a much richer, redder brown than a Sedge Warbler. The crown and ear-coverts are so dark as to look almost black, highlighting the pure-white supercilium to make the head look almost as striking as on a Firecrest. Moustached Warblers also differ in shape from Sedge Warblers, being more squat, with shorter wings and tail.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		cettia cetti	cetti's warbler	kamisbulbulu
		Breeds and winters in scrubby margins of reedbeds and overgrown ditches. The Cetti's You'll notice dark reddish-brown upperparts and pale whitish underparts, highlighted only by a short pale stripe arching over a conspicuous black eye. Its tail is both broader and longer than most other warblers. Its colour, song, habitat and skulking habits show many similarities to the Nightingale but the eyestripe makes an obvious difference. Widespread and common in Turkey where its loud explosive song makes it easy to locate, although seeing one can be very difficult.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		prinia gracilis	graceful warbler	dikkuyruklu otlegen
		Resident in areas of long grass, reeds or rushes, usually close to water. Their small size and streaky brown plumage means they are only likely to be confused with Fan-tailed Warblers but Graceful Warbler have much longer tails marked below with horizontal pale bands rather than spots around the edges. Also, Graceful Warblers have a much plainer face, with no obvious supercilium and their upperparts are not so boldly streaked. Only found in southern Turkey, along the coast from Antalya to Adana and along the Euphrates, for example near Birecik. 500 breeding pairs in southern Turkey, part of a larger Middle-eastern and Asian population.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		regulus regulus	goldcrest	calikusu
		Breeds and winters in coniferous woodlands, occuring in deciduous woodland, scrub and even gardens in winter. Outside breeding season, also found more in deciduous trees. The orange (male) or yellow (female) crown stripes are not always easy to see. Very active and tit-like. High, thin song and calls.It is essentially like a small-bodied, large-headed leaf warbler but with narrow white wing bars and a distinctive head pattern. The narrow yellow or orange stripe along the top of the crown is neatly edged with black. The pale ring around the dark eye gives the Goldcrest an open-faced, staring expression.
passeriformes > paridae | tits • bastankaralar
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		parus ater	coal tit	cam bastankarasi
		Breeds and winters in woodlands, particularly coniferous, and occurs in winter in gardens and hedgerows. The Coal Tit is another perky little character found mainly but not exclusively in coniferous woodland. Several species of tit have a bold black and white face pattern but only the Coal Tit has this neat white stripe down its nape. The cold grey back colour is another distinguishing feature.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		parus major	great tit	buyuk bastankara
		Breeds and winters in woods, parks, orchards, hedgerows and gardens. In Great Tits the typical black and white face pattern is embellished by a broad black stripe which runs from the throat down the middle of the bright yellow belly. This characteristic black and yellow pattern is boldest on the males and duller on the females but is still visible even on the juveniles.
passeriformes > sittidae | nuthatches • sivacilar
IMAGE	.	Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		sitta krüperi	krüper's nuthatch	anadolu sivacisi
		(also.turkish kucuk sivaci kusu) This bird has a prominent white supercilium which immediately distinguishes it from the European Nuthatch. Also, the front half of the crown is black and there is a broad chestnut patch on its chest like a breast-plate. These latter features help to separate it from Corsican Nuthatch. Resident in coniferous forests including areas of spruce, cedar and juniper, but especially Turkish Pine. Between 10 000-100 000 breeding pairs in Turkey with probably up to 600 pairs found on Lesbos.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		sitta europea	nuthatch	sivaci
		(also turkish sivacikusu) Breeds and winters in mature woodlands, parks and gardens. Nuthatches are quite unmistakable with their short-tailed, big-headed, fat-bellied shape, even if you don't see the blue-grey back, orangey underparts and long black eyestripe.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		sitta neumayer	rock nuthatch	kaya sivacisi
		(also. tur kaya sivacikusu) Resident on hillsides with rocky outcrops. In plumage this bird looks rather like a washed-out Nuthatch but the lack of white in the tail, the rocky rather than woody habitat and the distinctive calls all help to identify it. Very common in rocky areas throughout Turkey and the Balkans. 17-38,000 breeding pairs
passeriformes > certhiidae | treecreepers • tirmasikkuslari
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		certhia brachydactyla	short-toed treecreeper	bahce tirmasikkusu
		Breeds and winters in both coniferous and broad-leaved woodlands and parkland. Short-toed Treecreepers are supposed to have longer bills and a shorter hind claw but even when these differences can be measured in the hand they are still not necessarily conclusive. They are also said to have redder rumps, dingier underparts and a less prominent supercilium, especially in front of the eye, but it is differences in wing pattern which, if seen, are most convincing. Needless to say, its very difficult to be certain of these differences as you struggle to get good views of a bird jerking its way up a tree.
passeriformes > troglodytidae | wrens • citkuslari
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		troglodytes troglodytes	wren	citkusu
		Breeds and winters in gardens, woodland, parks, wasteground and hedges. Anywhere there is low cover - woods, hedges, gardens, srcub, sea-cliffs, mountains, reedbeds, etc. Tiny size and russet-brown colouring and plump stumpy shape with tail usually cocked, readily identify the wren. Has very loud trilling song, heard throughout the year. Wrens are familiar birds with rich brown finely barred plumage, a tiny fat body and a spiky tail which is always held cocked up.
passeriformes > corvidae | jays, crows and magpies • kargagiller
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		garrulus glandarius	jay	alakarga
		Breeds and winters in orchards and dense thickets within woodlands, also in hedges and gardens. Jays are splendidly colourful birds. The colour of their body parts almost defies description but the patch at the bend of the wing is unmistakably blue. The smirking black moustache and black and white flecked crown gives them a comical appearance. In flight the wings show black and white as well as blue but it's the broad white rump patch which is most conspicuous.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		corvus frugilegus	rook	ekin kargasi
		Resident on farmland and in parkland, nesting in mature trees. Adult Rooks are easily recognised by the pale whitish grey patches around the base of their bills. However, birds which are less than a year old have all dark faces and bills and so look more like Carrion Crows. Young Rooks have longer, narrower straighter bills than Crows, with a steep forehead which creates a peaked crown. Their shaggy trousers are also distinctive. In flight, Rooks are slimmer than Crows with narrower wings, a longer head and a longer, slimmer tail which gets broader towards the tip.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		corvus monedula	jackdaw (eurasian)	kucuk karga
		Resident on farmland and in towns and parks, nesting in holes in old trees, cliffs and buildings. It is easily recognised at close range by an obvious grey shawl around the nape which makes the face and forehead look conspicuously black. In flight it is smaller with shorter, more rounded and quicker-paced wings than other crows, sometimes seeming almost pigeon-like.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		corvus corax	raven	kuzgun
		Breeds and winters on coastal and inland cliffs, and isolated clumps of trees. The Raven is completely black, like a Carrion Crow and its greater size may not be obvious from a distance. It must therefore be recognised by differences in shape. The big, deep bill, big head and shaggy mane of a Raven are distinctive at rest and in flight when the long diamond-shaped tail is even more convincing. In flight the long head and long tail give the Raven the appearance of a Maltese Cross in the sky.
passeriformes > passeridae | sparrows • serceler
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		petronia petronia	rock sparrow	kaya sercesi
		Nests in holes or crevices in rocky areas including roadside cuttings, walls and farm buildings as well as natural rock faces. The big conical bill and brown streaky plumage makes them look instantly sparrow-like but the prominently striped head pattern, blotchy markings on the underparts and white tips to the tail feathers are all distinctive features although the yellow patch in the throat can be hard to see.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		passer hispaniolensis	spanish sparrow	sogut sercesi
		Resident but dispersive, occuring, often in flocks, in cultivated areas and nesting in holes in buildings or in the occupied nests of White Storks. Their rich brown heads, white marks above the eye, bold black breast pattern, extending as lines of black streaks down the flanks and even onto the upper tail feathers are all good distinguishing features. The females are much trickier but, compared with a House Sparrow, they have a bigger bill, bolder pale stripes down the mantle, a more prominent supercilium which broadens behind the eye and faint markings on the underparts giving the impression of streaking, especially on the flanks.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		passer domesticus	house sparrow	serce
		Breeds and winters in towns and cities, and also on farmland. Male House Sparrows are easily recognised by their grey crowns and variably-sized black bibs but females might be more difficult. However, nearly all the other dull brown birds with thick, conical bills have streaked rather than plain underparts. Pale Rock Sparrows and Yellow-throated Sparrows are unstreaked below but they also have plain upperparts, quite unlike a House Sparrow. The only remaining problem species is the Dead Sea Sparrow which looks very similar but is smaller and neater.
passeriformes > fringillidae | finches • ispinozgiller
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		serinus serinus	serin	kucuk iskete
		Breeds in parks and gardens with areas of scrub. In all plumages Serins are short, thick-necked, small-billed finches with heavily streaked underparts. The lemon-yellow of a male's head is unmistakable but females and immatures show much less yellow except perhaps on the rump. The lack of yellow in the wing would confirm that they were neither Siskins nor Greenfinches. If you do see a "different-looking" yellowish bird make a careful note of its details to prove that it is a wild Serin, not an escaped cage bird such as a canary which can look remarkably similar.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		serinus pusillus	red-fronted serin	kara iskete
		Resident in mountainous areas, reaching the highest peaks in summer but coming down to the nearest human habitation in winter. Both adults are beautifully marked but the male is noticeably brighter; the front half is mostly black with an almost luminous red patch on the forehead, and the rear half shows bright bronze coloured fringes to most of the wing and tail feathers. The juveniles are browner and more streaked but their plain heads are a characteristic rich buff colour. Possibly more than 1 000 000 breeding pairs inhabit southern Tukey, with more eastwards across Asia Minor.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		acanthis cannabina	linnet	ketenkusu
		Breeds in scrub on moorland, heaths and farmland. Winters in stubble and weedy fields. In summer plumage, the male Linnet has a powder-blue head, a red forehead and a rich reddish-brown back. In all other plumages though, the red disappears and the other colours are more subdued though still faintly discernible. Key features though are the white edges to some feathers which create white panels in the primaries and at the base of the tail. In flight, the Linnet shows a series of white lines along the primaries, again matched only by Twite.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		carduelis carduelis	goldfinch	saka
		Breeds and winters wherever there are weeds, especially thistles, on wasteground, hedgerows and areas of scrub. Goldfinches are easily identified by their striking colours; red, black and white on the head and black and gold in the wings. Juvenile birds have a streaked brown head but the broad gold stripe through the black wings is already obvious. The wing pattern is so vivid that many birdwatchers don't realise that the Goldfinch has a white rump.
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		carduelis chloris	greenfinch	florya
		Breeds in gardens, parks, scrub and hedges. Winters on farmland and in gardens. The Greenfinch is a familiar garden bird since it was one of the first species to master the knack of feeding from red peanut bags. The male can be quite conspicuously green but in females and juveniles this may not be so obvious. Such birds can still be identified though by the pale yellow panels in the closed primaries and in the sides of the tail.
passeriformes > emberizidae | buntings and new world sparrows • cinteler (kirazkuslari)
IMAGE		Scientific Name	English Name	Turkish Name
		miliaria calandra	corn bunting	tarla çintesi
		Breeds on farmland, downs and coastal scrub. Winters on arable farmland, often in stubble. Corn Buntings are bigger and plumper than other buntings, streaky brown in all plumages, with a heavier and more distinctly notched bill. In flight they lack white outer tail feathers and frequently leave their legs dangling.

CREDITS:

Special thanks to Andy Bright for his photo contributions. More of his photographs may be viewed at www.digiscoped.com. Mr. Bright requests that his photographs not be reproduced in any medium without his permission. He can be reached via his website.

Boddam ©Bill Jackson: Nature in Shetland

SOURCES: (information, pictures, sound clips)

• http://www.birdguides.com
• http://www.mangoverde.com
• http://www.junglewalk.com
• http://home.wanadoo.nl/r.goedegebuur/roofvog/roofidxe.html
• http://www.owlpages.com/
• http://aves.desdeinter.net
• http://aviario.iespana.esaviario/
• http://hjem.get2net.dk/birds_of_denmark/
• http://www.lipu-uk.org/
• http://www.surfbirds.com
• http://www.owlpages.com
• http://www.owles.org

REFERENCES:

• Turkiye ve Avrupa'nin Kuslari (published originally as: Pocket Guide to Birds of Britain and Europe with North Africa and the Middle East)
• http://i-bird.com/
• http:// www.birdsofbritain.co.uk
• http://www.es.cornell.edu/winkler/botw/families.ht